As an integrated innovation of peer-to-peer networks, cryptography, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts, Blockchain provides a trusted channel for information and value transfer in untrusted networks. At present, the application of Blockchain has been accelerating, and key technologies such as cross-chain, privacy protection, and security supervision are becoming research hot spots. However, while the Blockchain technology is still at the stage of social experiment, there is no consensus on the concept, structure, technical characteristics, development route, governance and supervision of the Blockchain.

　　To promote the deep integration of Blockchain technology and the real economy, as well as toform development consensus, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology（CAICT） and Trusted Blockchain Initiatives（TBI） co-organized the "Blockchain White Paper"(2018). This white paper deeply interprets the concept of Blockchain, proposes a Blockchain technology architecture, analyses the key technology development routes, the latest situation and development opportunities of current Blockchain in terms of policies, industries, technologies and standards. In the end, the white paper discusses the challenges with the development of Blockchain and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.